Minibus Cab ergonomics methods

Vehicle Ergonomics Ergonomics is an important branch of discipline. Ergonomics of the cab of the vehicle design and verification is a necessary component. Ergonomic design to improve vehicle safety, improve driver comfort and vision of the plays a very important role. In this paper, a light passenger cabin as the research object, there is comfort for the car and other issues for rectification, in the study of the H point on the basis of re-arrangement of the vehicle cab, and after re-arrangement of the cabergonomics analysis and verification. The following are the main contents of this paper: (1) analysis and research methods at home and abroad layout of the body. Foreign body by studying the arrangement of the different methods, given their similarities and differences, and oval eyes, hands and other body encompasses the nature of the layout tools and summarized. These tools are based on the theory of human engineering analysis and the necessary means for our theoretical analysis and design methods provide a reference. (2) proposed a method for determining H-H point point multi-objective constraint factor method. In this paper, A Class B Class cars trucks and determination of H-points were compared, and relatively less attention focusing on the domestic B-Class cars have been studied in the traditional methods for determining H point comparison and summary, the proposed a more practical types, you can quickly and accurately determine the design requirements of the H point of the region H point determination methods. The more traditional design method can improve the accuracy of body design and design efficiency. (3) Model B on the cab of a man-machine engineering analysis and verification. As an application example, the paper introduces the most advanced ergonomics analysis software RAMSIS, Model B on the cab of a man-machine engineering analysis and checking the vehicle cabin comfort, vision, space and encompasses the nature of were more in-depth analysis. In the analysis, based on the author gives way to the cabin layout, some new understanding and experience. In summary, the method of ergonomic design to improve the quality of vehicles to ensure the health of drivers and passengers is of great significance, while reducing the vehicle's development cycle, reduce development expenses have practical significance. 

Keywords: vehicle ergonomics, RAMSIS, the internal layout method body

 

Criteria method based on body strength and lightweight design of the structure

In order to improve vehicle fuel economy and lower production costs, car body lightweight design and research have been gradually more and more auto companies in importance as the leading edge structural design issues and hot issues. From this point, lightweight way to become very important, along with the rapid development of computer technology, finite element method was adopted by more and more enterprises to carry out car body lightweight design. Finite element analysis for optimum design lightweight body can greatly reduce product development cycle, saving development costs and improve vehicle performance and driving some reliability. This paper discusses the importance of the research body and lightweight main way lightweight body, followed by the lightweight body of research on domestic and international status have been described, analyzed the development trend of lightweight body structure, is also discussed in this country Lightweight body with foreign research gaps. Then discusses the finite element method in structural analysis of the body, about the theoretical basis of the finite element and finite element commonly used for body design elements have been described, namely: shell element and the spatial beam element. Meanwhile, ANSYS finite element software used to do a brief introduction, cited by ANSYS finite element analysis software to do common ideas. Then the method body strength criterion defines the body's resistance to proposed standards and anti-static and dynamic strength strength criteria, and use rice metal parts of high cycle fatigue life and low cycle fatigue life used to evaluate the anti-body dynamic strength capabilities. Combination of CAD and CAE software, the establishment of a micro-car finite element model, then the finite element model of the definition of material properties and element types selected, the resulting micro-car finite element mesh model. On this basis, the four conditions on the body in the body stress were calculated and analyzed. Integrated four kinds of conditions, found that the stress of sheet metal body part of the surplus is relatively large, the body is very lightweight space. Meanwhile, four more conditions of stress concentration area of sheet metal of the high cycle fatigue life was estimated, in addition to individual cases, the fatigue life can meet the minimum requirements. Finally, the body was lightweight design, select the stress of the larger surplus for the design of sheet metal 30 variables to four working conditions for the state variables within the stress intensity to the volume of the body sheet metal as the objective function is optimized design calculations, optimized to reduce body weight by 5.6% than the original. Then the body of the optimized sheet metal parts for the four conditions of high cycle fatigue life prediction, the estimation of sheet metal parts are to meet the basic requirements of the fatigue life. 

Keywords: Lightweight design; strength; finite element; optimal design

 

Multi-function electric vehicle frame structure finite element analysis and optimization

Vehicle frame as an important part of vehicle assembly to withstand the effects of various loads, including from the road, a variety of complex automotive parts assembly loads, and therefore, the frame structure design is crucial in the vehicle design. Frame using the finite element method and performance analysis of the structure and topology optimization, can improve the static and dynamic performance of the vehicle, while improving the structure and properties of materials can be obtained on the basis of the optimal distribution. Firstly, the finite element technique for study abroad status and frame structure optimization technology trends are reviewed. Taking a multi-function electric vehicles as the research object, according to the structural characteristics of the frame, the frame for a reasonable simplification, and the integrated use of HyperMesh, ANSYS software, established a shell element-based finite element model, with emphasis on suspension frame structure was simulated. According to the actual load situation frame, bending and torsion were selected two typical full load conditions, the finite element static analysis, and discussed the frame in the two conditions of stress distribution and deformation. The results show that the stress of the frame is less than the ultimate strength of the material to meet the design requirements. Then on the frame, modal analysis, natural frequency of the frame structure and the corresponding vibration mode, can come to understand the dynamic performance of the frame structure, in order to optimize the design and construction of the frame to provide a theoretical basis for improvement. Select the sheet as the base structure, working conditions at the bend of the front wheels hanging reverse condition, the rear wheel hanging on the corner to reverse the conditions and to reverse the condition, etc hanging round of four under Article condition to volume (mass) for the constraint function , the stiffness of the plate as objective function for topology optimization. During the same time optimizing the density distribution of the material to determine the basic structure of the frame, not only for the frame design provides a good theoretical basis, and the optimal design of the frame a new approach and the specific route possible . 

Key words: electric vehicles, frame, finite element method, static and dynamic performance, topology optimization

 

Vehicle height strength steel stamping simulation and control of springback

Rebound phenomenon is common during sheet metal forming one of the defects. To improve product quality and shorten the stamping of new product development cycle, must be accurate springback prediction and effective control. With the auto industry, automotive stamping parts stamping problems become more difficult in the spring, especially in high-strength steel stamping rebound in the international context has attracted wide attention. How to predict and control the current rebound has become a research hotspot and difficult one. How to predict and control the rebound, at home and abroad mainly in ordinary steel stamping parts, while the high strength steel stamping springback are limited. Between the present situation, this thesis to study the characteristics of high strength steel, and then use the finite element simulation software DYNAFORM springback of high strength steel in the simulated laws of exploration. This paper first summarizes the automotive stamping and metal forming in the deformation characteristics of springback prediction method introduced Research and development history, comparing obtained numerical simulation for stamping springback prediction is very effective. Then, we will highlight the characteristics of high strength steel and its weight to bring the importance of car. Analysis of forming and springback simulation of stamping on the springback simulation accuracy factor. Using DYNAFORM parts of U-shaped type and rebound the numerical simulation, analysis of the impact and rebound Stamping Forming a key element: BHF, drawbead resistance, friction coefficient and die clearance. Explores the relationships between them: stamping springback with BHF, drawbead resistance and friction coefficient decreases; with the increase of die clearance. In the final chapter describes some of the commonly used method to control the stamping springback, focuses on the mold surface Compensation Act, the reference car hood as a Case Study on the die surface and the compensation method for case analysis in depth. The method produced consistent with the design requirements the actual product, indicating that the method is feasible. 

Key words: high strength steel; stamping; rebound; DYNAFORM; numerical simulation

 

Body stiffness and deformation analysis based Structural Optimization Method

Improve vehicle fuel economy and reduce the cost of automobile production has become a modern car the general trend of development, domestic and international major car companies have been increasing emphasis on lightweight design. The structure of the car body stiffness analysis, automotive design engineers to analyze the results as a basis for optimal design of body structure. The whole structure is now Unibody cars with the structure, this structure to a large extent on the cars handling and stability to meet people, and the manufacturing process of the lightweight body design, and many other requirements. Unibody structure of the whole carries almost all the cars in use the load, including the bending and torsional loads and impact loads and so on. In the joint action of these loads, the stiffness of car body becomes extremely important. If less than the stiffness of car body, car in daily use, the deformation of car body will be greater, especially in columns, door frames, window frames and some key parts, a large deformation can cause poor vehicle sealing, door locks deformation, the interior off, and may even result in the door jam, window frames, broken glass, and so squeezed; this will directly affect the reliability of used cars, safety, NVH performance and fuel economy and other key performance indicators. Major domestic and foreign car companies of Car static stiffness of the structure calculation has been very seriously. The car body stiffness and deformation analysis of calculation and optimization of structural design of car body, and its main purpose is to ensure the body stiffness and deformation within reasonable limits under the premise of optimizing the body structure design. Just spent the surplus for the local body parts, structural improvements, a reasonable distribution of the car body stiffness; on the local stiffness of the weak part of the body to make reasonable and effective strengthening of the overall stiffness of the car body to the initial design requirements. In addition, the body structure optimization can improve the vibration characteristics of the body, and body weight can make the greatest extent possible to reduce further to solve the problems lightweight body. This subject is studied in the investigation of domestic and foreign automobiles stiffness based on the research, the establishment of an A0 finite element analysis model car, then the finite element analysis model was meshed, the model for the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the body analysis, finite element analysis model and body stiffness of the sensitivity calculation, calculation of sensitivity analysis based on the results of the stiffness, the stiffness of the sensitive components are the body, to master the different stiffness of the BIW components sensitivity to optimize the design variables that provided the basis for selection. Body Structure design, optimization results show that the study shows that the body design and development process, the sensitivity analysis for the body to provide a basis for structural modifications, is to enhance body rigidity and light weight body an effective way. 

Key words: white body; stiffness; sensitivity optimization

 

Self-loading garbage truck lifting mechanism of the simulation and optimum design

In the modern automotive industry, CAD / CAE technology has been generally applied, China's auto companies are now widely used, such as CATIA / UG, etc. Set CAD / CAE / CAM software products in one design, the use of virtual prototyping instead of physicalinnovative design of the product prototype, test and evaluation, to shorten the development cycle, reduce costs, improve product design quality, enhance customer and market demand for the ability of other aspects of their role is increasingly apparent.In this paper, the object dump garbage truck, the use of virtual prototyping technology to CATIA / ADAMS software as a tool for loading and unloading in the white garbage truck's design and simulation analysis, to do the following: 1. Based on the design of dump truck process, carried out from the loading garbage truck dump bodies and parts design and calculation of the overall design, including the choice of chassis, subframe arrangement and form of lifting mechanism in the form and design, as well as the form and design of cars . 2. Based on three-dimensional design software, CATIA, constructed three-dimensional solid model of dump bodies, and through the virtual assembly, dump bodies to achieve the interference analysis. 3. Based on simulation software ADAMS, through the ADAMS interface with CATIA, CATIA built dump bodies will be three-dimensional solid model is imported into ADAMS, in the ADAMS system constraints to add, load, drive, and establishing a virtual prototype model and the dynamic Science simulation analysis, the dump body dynamics simulation results. 4. Based on finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench key components of the finite element analysis, first created in CATIA solid model into one lift bearing, its mesh, defined by the loading conditions, finite element analysis, draw diagrams of their stress-strain and displacement, according to analyze the situation and then carry out the optimization of design work. 

Keywords: dump truck, lifting mechanism, virtual prototyping, finite element method

 

Magnesium alloy wheel monolithic body electric car research

The wheel electric car, small size, light weight thanks to the wheel hub motor instead of the general motors, installed in the wheel, so wheel electric car has its own unique structural characteristics. Finite element method has been applied in the automotive industry is now very extensive, the finite element method to analyze the body frame is very effective on the body structure through static analysis, its evaluation, analysis of its strength, stiffness and other structural characteristics, obtained the stress distribution and body deformation for the back to provide the basis for the design and production.As a light magnesium alloy material, should be applied to the car, the fact is true. How can the wider use of magnesium alloys and other lightweight new materials for automotive help will be the future direction of development. In this paper, urban office workers as the main object, to design a two-seater electric car wheel, the first feature based on their market position and the wheel itself, structural features of electric vehicles designed to meet the requirements of the body shape, and in the CATIA model of the platform to establish Body Frame application CATIA FEM module on the overall framework for mesh-type body, the boundary conditions and simplified, and load distribution. Combination of vehicles in the actual running conditions, conditions for the bending load, full load condition and reverse bending condition of the calculation and analysis, the finite element analysis to identify the structural characteristics of the frame and the weak link, found that the body basically meet requirements. Combined with the characteristics of magnesium alloy, and integral body with the status of magnesium alloy were analyzed and found to reverse the condition, the local stress is too large, need to improve the structure. In this paper some of the work done for the future of wheel electric vehicle body structure designed to provide some reference, and in the use of magnesium alloy material to draw some guidance on the data for reference. 

Keywords: wheel electric vehicles, the overall body, finite element, magnesium alloy

 

Dump Truck based on virtual prototyping technology optimization of lifting mechanism

Along with the virtual prototyping technology, represented by the continuous development of computer technology, virtual design engineering fields gradually become a new means of modern design. Currently, the virtual prototyping technology has been applied to the automotive product research and development, and initially formed a set of professional theory, engineering design, scientific experiments, such as one of the more complete application system. The use of virtual prototyping technology, the early stages of product design analysis and evaluation of product performance, optimize the design parameters of the physical prototype, thus reducing the risk of new product development and shorten the development cycle, improve product performance, and ultimately improve their market competitiveness. In this paper, STQ3163L9Y6 dump truck as the research object, virtual prototyping software ADAMS and ANSYS for the application platform, systematically dump truck lifting mechanism and the key structure to optimize the design. This paper introduces the research background of virtual prototyping technology and its current development at home and abroad, an overview of multi-body dynamics and finite element method theory and its application software ADAMS and ANSYS; Then, according to mechanical optimal design theory, applicationADAMS, dump truck lifting mechanism established virtual prototype model and its dynamic simulation analysis and the results showed that: the key to the lifting mechanism to optimize the design of the hinge point to optimize the results achieved to decrease the thrust of hydraulic cylinders to improve lift The purpose of the performance of hoisting mechanism; and then apply the arm triangle ANSYS software for finite element analysis and the results showed that: the original materials, the irrational use of triangular arm, with variable density method for topological optimization arm triangle design, optimization results show that: in ensuring the rigidity and strength of the premise, the quality of the triangular arm before optimization 67.759kg reduced to optimized 45.702kg, reduced 32.6%, to achieve a lightweight design arm triangle; Finally, a dump truck in the vehicle model, self-excited vibration of the hydraulic cylinder in case of change of thrust, the results show that: consider the self-excited vibration of the vehicle, the tank will produce a certain thrust fluctuations, while generating self-excited vibration of the vehicle factor - suspension parameters optimal design, the cylinder will decrease the maximum thrust, and fuel tank thrust decay rate fluctuations there is considerable improvement, these suspension systems for truck design effective reference. This study successfully applied to the virtual prototype of the Tipper lifting mechanism optimization design, virtual prototyping technology in the same time, the field of application of special-purpose vehicles also have some reference value.

 

Keywords: dump truck lifting mechanism, optimum design, triangular arm, topological optimization, vehicle model

Used in bridge health monitoring system of the Distributed Control System

Bridge Health Monitoring and Data Acquisition system is currently in the construction and operation of the bridge is a relatively new research direction, which covers the structural design of the bridge and controlled the two major areas of data collection, according to the characteristics of a bridge monitoring system, usually distributed acquisition approach. Instance of this research at home and abroad, for the domestic large-scale bridge health monitoring system booming in recent years, and strive to systematically distributed data acquisition applications in bridge health monitoring to do a more comprehensive study. This paper analyzes the bridge health monitoring system for the background, development, current problems, etc., CAN bus is proposed to constitute a distributed monitoring network is designed to monitor the development of the discourse on the bridge. Bridge monitoring system for data collection, data processing and data transmission module works, hardware design, software design and implementation of their method for a more in-depth discussion and detail.Meanwhile, the host computer's local server and remote client design are introduced in detail. Finally, the overall implementation and design issues that need attention and improvements can be made later. 

Keywords: bridge monitoring; CAN bus; bus communication; local server; remote client

 

LabVIEW Based Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drive System

Environmental protection and energy conservation has become urgent to solve the two main themes of social, internal combustion engine and motor as a power source as energy saving hybrid vehicles of choice, which set starter / generator in one of the ISG (Integrated Starter Generator) hybrid cars become of great practical significance and direction of the car. Hybrid vehicle product development, the most critical aspect is based on different hybrid drive systems to develop and optimize the control strategy.How hybrid car engines, electric motors, batteries and a good match between the three optimal control is the development of hybrid cars to solve the problem and not yet fully resolved technical problems. Built directly on the physical prototype development of hybrid drive systems need to spend a lot of energy. Therefore, the theory of hybrid drive systems modeling, virtual simulation and analysis is a very important product pre-development work. In this paper, mild ISG parallel hybrid electric vehicle as the research object, respectively, and virtual instruments based on bench test equipment to the platform of LabVIEW virtual instrument software to build the system model to study its drive system, specifically as follows: (1) introduced hybrid of domestic and international actuality of the ISG hybrid vehicle as the object of study the causes and significance. (2) analysis of the structural characteristics of hybrid vehicles, control strategy and its key technology. This paper introduces the common hybrid vehicle simulation software and virtual instruments and simulation software LabVIEW, and analyzed the software of choice hybrid vehicle drive system advantages. (3) of the hybrid electric vehicle structure and control strategy analysis, ISG hybrid vehicle drive system of the main components of the engine, motor and battery for the selection, and the power from the car, economy, and considering the cost of the main components of the design parameters. (4) Finally, the laboratory bench and were based on virtual instrument data acquisition system DAQ (Data Acquisition System)-based access to relevant data and signals, and then write a program on the LabVIEW software platform to build the engine, ISG motor and batterymodel, and the results were analyzed to verify the model and parameter design is reasonable. Through the rational selection and parameter design, can achieve hybrid car engine, motor, battery good match between the three and optimization of control and improve the HEV power system and economy to meet the practical significance of the development of low emission, low fuel vehicle requirements. 

Key words: ISG, LabVIEW, data acquisition system, drive system, matching and optimal control

 

Based on Virtual Prototyping of Active Front Steering Control

Steering system directly affects the performance of vehicle handling and stability, is to ensure the safety car at high speed is an important performance. Steering system can not meet the traditional low speed flexibility and high speed stability requirements.Active front steering vehicle traveling state can achieve the desired steering ratio, while simultaneously the flexibility to meet the low-speed stability and high speed requirements. Retention of active front steering system with mechanical connections, the driver can feel the real "road feel." Therefore, the flexibility of driving, comfort, stability and security considerations, active front steering system steering is today an important direction of research and development. In this paper, ADMAS / Car platform, built for active front steering of the vehicle model. By turning the sine sweep test simulation to verify the correctness of the model built vehicle. In the low friction coefficient and high friction coefficient road test under the separate hunting simulation results show that: in the extreme conditions, vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle response to steering wheel angle can change with the car is easy to lose stability. In this paper, a robust nonlinear fuzzy PID control model of vehicle stability control, cornering performance to a satisfactory model of two degrees of freedom as a reference model. The fuzzy PID controller yaw rate and sideslip angle as control targets to vehicle yaw rate model and the ideal difference between the yaw rate as the control variable. Tolerance approach by the stability of the car to judge, the use of ADAMS / Car and MATLAB / Simulink software co-simulation of two. Simulation results show that: Active Front Steering Vehicle Stability Control to expand the area to prevent vehicles advance into the nonlinear region and saturation regions, especially in excessive steering condition, the control effect relatively clear. As conditions in the limit tire slip forces are easily filled, active front steering to improve vehicle stability control system of limited, so this paper, active front steering and variable torque distribution of the need for joint control. Design of active front steering and variable torque distribution joint control of the fuzzy controller.Controller to vehicle yaw rate model and the ideal difference between the yaw rate and vehicle sideslip angle model as input variables, the previous round of the overlay and the additional yaw moment angle as output variables. Using phase plane method of tolerance zones and to determine whether the car unstable. In the face of low adhesion road control system for a double lane for simulation, simulation results show that: joint control can keep the car's stability, its effect is superior to separate active front steering control, sideslip angle and horizontal control the swing angular velocity response are ideal range. 

 

Keywords: active front steering; fuzzy PID control; variable torque distribution; co-simulation

Active Suspension Based on Genetic Algorithm Multiobjective H <, 2> / H <, ∞> robust control

Active suspension as a future major trends in automobile suspension systems, more and more attention and research. However, to fully active suspension damping performance, the need for suitable control strategies and design a suitable controller, it can be said of active suspension control technology is the key. The key paper for active suspension control technology to carry out the research. For solving the problem of active suspension control, the most difficult is the ride comfort and handling stability of the multi-objective optimization. As the vehicle suspension system design evaluation of the most important indicator of the conflict between them is contradictory. Reduce the stiffness of the spring suspension system will get a better comfort, but this time the suspension of the dynamic travel will increase, the magnitude of the larger body is not conducive to the operation of the vehicle stability. The increased spring stiffness, ride comfort will decrease. Active Suspension for solving multi-objective optimization problems, different theories have been based on a large number of methods that most of the body vertical acceleration, suspension travel, with the static load as the optimal ratio of performance objectives, the selected weights, then unified into a target function to optimize. However, this body acceleration may be less than ideal results. For the above problem, the paper first establish two degree of freedom quarter car active suspension system model, then the constraint H ∞ controller design, and application of MATLAB to solve the LMI toolbox, and the results for solving the simulation compared with the passive suspension. Next, the paper combines the H ∞ control and the merits of H2 control design of the H2 / H ∞ mixed-active suspension controller, making the body acceleration in the time domain have a good effect, and the system has some robust stability . Solved by LMI, and simulation results with constrained H ∞ controller were compared. Finally, the paper Genetic algorithm based on H2 / H ∞ controller for solving the hybrid simulation results show that solving the LMI approach although efficient and effective, but for the H2 / H ∞ multi-objective hybrid controller problem solving, there must be conservative , and genetic algorithms for dealing with difficult to solve the nonlinear multi-objective problems, there is a strong optimization. Therefore, based on genetic algorithm H2 / H ∞ controller for active suspension mixture can be effectively controlled, not only greatly improved the ride comfort, to ensure the stability of operation, and has strong robustness. 

Key words: active suspension, LMI, H ∞ control, H2 / H ∞ mixed control, genetic algorithms

 

Fuel cell electric vehicle power system parameter matching and optimization

Development of fuel cell electric vehicle is to solve the current energy shortage and environmental pollution is one effective technical approach. To improve the efficiency of power system as the goal, of multi-energy method of power system optimization, building from the fuel cell components and auxiliary electrical power source - electric hybrid power systems, fuel cell vehicle development has become a key technology. In this paper, fuel cell electric vehicle system design for the study, to fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid electric power system parameter optimization focus of a lightweight fuel cell bus power system matching and optimization of the parameters, the main course of the study and the results are as follows: (1) First, review the fuel cell electric vehicle power system parameter matching and optimization studies, which mainly summarizes the parameter matching and optimization of hybrid methods that enhance fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle electric power system matching and optimization research is to improve the power efficiency of the system an effective way. (2) comparative analysis of the fuel cell electric vehicle power system configuration, obtained indirectly, the structure of fuel cell hybrid system is more suitable for fuel cell electric vehicles. Optimization of the hybrid system configuration under the basic principle, the two indirect fuel cell hybrid system architecture (FC B, FC BC) were analyzed. Based on the typical characteristics of vehicles and fuel cell power source for hybrid system analysis of technical points, with a bus the technical parameters of the original model to determine the fuel cell system and lithium iron phosphate group of the hybrid power system programs. (3) fuel cell hybrid power system for the parameter design problem, the proposed hybrid system of electric power mixed with the concept, and vehicle dynamics theory, the design of hybrid power system parameters into the design of mixed degrees problem, get a fuel cell hybrid systems with mixed degree of design methods, based on the degree of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle power system design parameters, determine the total power of the power source, mixed boundary value and the degree of motor parameters. (4) According to the fuel cell hybrid power system optimization problems, established a dynamic vehicle for the constraints to optimize the fuel economy target for the non-linear mathematical model to determine the optimal objective, optimization variables and optimization constraints. At the same time for the inadequacies of the basic genetic algorithm, an improved hybrid genetic algorithm to solve optimization problems. The optimization results are significantly improved compared with that before optimization, verification of the hybrid genetic algorithm. The article also analyzes the mixing degree, SOC value of optimization goals. In summary, the text on the fuel cell electric vehicle power system configuration optimization, parameter matching and optimization of power system studies, for further experiments with the prototype vehicle powertrain design provides a theoretical basis for the development of fuel cell electric vehicles with some reference value; particular degree of power based on hybrid electric hybrid power system parameter design method and hybrid genetic algorithm to optimize the hybrid system in the application of hybrid power systems for other parameter matching and optimization also has some reference value. 

 

Keywords: Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle electric power system parameter matching and optimization of mixed-based hybrid genetic algorithm

Vehicle deviation line automatic detection system, image processing technology

The automotive vehicle driving wandering the course of a relatively common failure. The failure will result in driving the process, the driver always need to apply a corrective force on the steering wheel, which will increase the difficulty of the operation of the driver, the driver likely to cause fatigue, heavy steering, speed up the parts and tire wear, resulting in system dynamic sliding phenomenon. Especially when the emergency brake on the highway, may also cause serious skid, which caused a major traffic accident, the harm is enormous. The national standard GB7258-2004 "Safety requirements for operation of motor vehicles" is a mandatory standard, the 4.13 states: linear motor drive, its front and rear drive shaft connection with the center line of track should be the same. Now, however, can not exist a set of scientific and accurate detection of the vehicle for the system deviation. Vehicles are usually carried out only at the factory wheel alignment test, people are also found in the actual use of the vehicle after the repair there is deviation problems. There is deviation in order to avoid the problem of automotive products into the market, all vehicles before leaving the factory testing is very necessary.This paper presents a wandering line of vehicles to achieve automatic detection system.The detection system connected with the production line, the vehicle test track trigger photoelectric switches, driver CCD (Charge Couple Device) cameras capture images of vehicles. Image processing module is the vehicle deviation line automatic inspection system, the core content of the main content of this thesis is that the system is based on LabVIEW to image processing and image capture technology. The first chapter of the machine vision, digital image processing concept, development status at home and abroad made a brief introduction. The second chapter analyzes the choice of image processing hardware. Including optical lens, CCD camera, photoelectric switches, light sources and lighting systems, etc., for the practical use of different applications. Through repeated testing, the accuracy of the system meets the requirements of factory production, efficient, adaptable, high degree of automation. The third chapter in theory, through comparative study, the final choice a reasonable recognition method of image processing: median filter, LOG sharpening operator (Laplacian of Gaussian). After image enhancement, image smoothing, edge sharpening, after making the collected images highlight the target area, the edge of clear and complete, by template matching and accurate positioning of the vehicle, the vehicle was finally calculated the deviation information. Chapter IV focuses on the on LabVIEW platform, modular thinking in the application of IMAQ function, to achieve the above functions, to achieve real-time detection. Extraction of the vehicle is different from the usual method of contour to locate the vehicle, the optical sign is proposed as an alternative test method aids, this method greatly reduces the complexity of procedures, convenient and intuitive, and high precision to meet the complex the test environment. Chapter V of the system accuracy do experiments. Finally, the results of this study design and inadequate to do a simple summary. 

Keywords: vehicle deviation test, LabVIEW, image processing, machine vision

 

Auto body welding image recognition algorithm

With the machinery, the nuclear industry, aerospace, energy, transportation, petrochemical, construction, electronics industry, the rapid development of modern industry, welding technology in mechanical manufacturing production is rising in status.Therefore, welding quality and welding the degree of automation requirements are also increasing, welding automation and intelligent welding technology in the 21st century has become an important direction of development. Especially in automobile production, in order to reduce production costs and maximize profits, improve the automation of production has become an inevitable choice. How to improve the automation of production lines and production speed, but also to ensure product quality, it is important to establish standards for automated production lines. The welding automatic production line is the technical difficulties, especially in key parts of the weld is qualified, which for the great impact the quality of products. This paper is to solve the existing problem of lack of weld. This thesis research was "based on CCD (charge coupled device image sensor) of the weld visual inspection system," part of the image recognition algorithms, this detection system is the truck's cab for the development of weld inspection, aimed at improve production efficiency. Rapid and accurate detection of the weld is the weld inspection system, an important indicator. There are over six hundred cab spot, only a small part of the weld is completed by the welding robot welding, robot welding work because the reliability of this part of the weld does not require testing. The remaining 400 other solder joints, due to the reasons for the location of solder joints, it is difficult to weld with a welding robot, which can only be welded by hand, so that the phenomenon exists in welding may have a leak. Many scholars use the CCD had to identify the vehicle, the image recognition for a lot of research. Many scholars also use CCD to detect the weld, and have achieved certain results. Weld image for face recognition accuracy and real-time problems, this paper based on wavelet transform and the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transformation of the new recognition algorithm. This study through the use of wavelet decomposition and KL transformation and other means to effectively improve the recognition system of the traditional shortcomings of the weld, greatly improving the accuracy of recognition systems and computing speed. This new method can effectively keep the characteristics of the original image information. Differences for the characteristics of image brightness, we must first enhance the image of the image preprocessing, the aim of reducing the image brightness differences. Then extracted using wavelet transform image of the relative stability of the weld the low-frequency sub-band map, the main features of the image information extraction. Then use KL transform to extract and identify the main characteristics of components. The results show that the recognition algorithm has basically reached the requirements of accuracy and real-time. 

 

Keywords: image recognition, CCD, wavelet transform, KL transform, welding

ADAMS of Macpherson suspension system based on virtual simulation analysis and optimization of design

In this paper, a model micro-car McPherson independent suspension front suspension as the research object, for some customers to reflect the type of vehicle wheel wear serious problem, ADAMS virtual prototyping software for the application platform, combined with the vehicle's simulation analysis, the process of developing the new model configuration and selection of suspension system optimization point of view of its two pairs of McPherson independent suspension system as a kinematic simulation analysis. And the optimized configuration of the micro-car McPherson suspension for vehicle simulation, which verifies the stability of the micro-car to improve handling in order to improve the selection of new products to achieve the purpose and can solve tire wear problems. This paper introduces the significance of the research projects and related research projects at home and abroad as well as development status, an overview of the general idea of this research and the main content. Then a brief introduction to the representatives of virtual prototyping software ADAMS and related theory used in this thesis, the main module, and then in ADAMS / Car environment, establish a vehicle simulation model of the various subsystems required. In the third chapter which details of the motion characteristics of the McPherson suspension on the wheel alignment parameters, resulting in abnormal wear of the wheel, and then studied from the perspective of geometry factors and the front tire wear evaluation, and finally from kinematic point of view of front wheel alignment on the impact of tire wear. Then focus on the McPherson suspension system assembly for Simulation and Optimization of parameters of its structure. Idea is to solve the front tire wear from the perspective of an exception, the focus of the front wheel alignment and tire wear between front McPherson independent suspension system and the structure was optimized. General guiding principle of this process McPherson independent suspension system is based on 9 key points as design variables, the previous round of positional parameters as the objective function, after using ADAMS software and the post-processing module PostProcessor Insi spider t module McPherson suspension system to analyze and optimize the assembly of the wheel alignment parameters, to achieve the type of suspension system performance improvements. This paper by McPherson independent suspension system and vehicle's dynamics simulation analysis, the success of the mini car was Zhendui the best selection of suspension systems solutions to significantly reduce the car's development cycle, greatly reducing new product development costs, improve product design and manufacturing quality is of great significance. 

 

Key words: ADAMS, McPherson suspension, tire wear, simulation analysis, optimization

Instrument panel assembly performance analysis and optimization

Instrument panel assembly is a key component in automotive interiors and also inside the car the most compelling parts. Instrument panel assembly in addition to meet the functional requirements, but also to meet the requirements of many safety regulations, including the occupant crash protection requirements (head-on collision, knee collision), human engineering requirements, appearance requirements. Computer-aided design technology to quickly on the instrument panel assembly of the modal properties, stiffness, head-on collision performance indicators to evaluate the structural design guidance to reduce development costs. Firstly, based on the basic structure of the dashboard assembly, the establishment of the instrument panel assembly of the static analysis model. In order to test the vibration characteristics of the dashboard assembly, instrument panel assembly reference modal testing requirements, calculated binding instrument panel assembly - free mode; to verify the instrument panel assembly of the stiffness, the analysis of the vertical acceleration of gravity 2g ; according to the results of sensitivity analysis, select one of 21 components as the design variables to the total mass of the dashboard assembly the minimum as the optimization goal, instrument panel assembly and the modal properties of stiffness as a constraint function, the size optimization; in the reference European regulations ECE 21 are the effective head-on collision in the region of 10 selected points head-on collision simulation. The results showed that the overall instrument panel assembly of the first order natural frequency of 35.6Hz, above the standard requirements of 34Hz, the overall good performance mode; instrument panel assembly, the maximum displacement of 0.73mm, far less than 2mm of the request, the total dashboard into the stiffness of good; optimized, the quality of the instrument panel assembly before optimization 38.14Kg down to 35.86Kg, weight ratio of 5.98%; there are two locations does not meet the regulatory requirements, mainly just to spend a large part, the structure should be further changes. In addition this paper, the sensitivity is not better, should be conducive to the objective function and constraint functions to filter the angle variable, and that variable selection should be in accordance with the following steps: first select the most sensitive of the objective function variable; second selection is conducive to weight loss constraint function is also beneficial to the convergence of the variables; and then choose the constraint functions are not sensitive to the variable; and then select the constraint function is not conducive to the convergence of the variables and to exclude the selected variables; the last variable in the removal of parts can not be changed. In view of the domestic research on the dashboard less head-on collision case, this article on the instrument panel on domestic and international laws and regulations head-on collision head-on collision on a number of issues were discussed, including the determination of the head impact area, exemption region OK, the selection of head-on collision point, impact point and impact angle determination. And reached the European laws and regulations in the United States on the definition of head-on collision region is basically the same, but the point of impact in the exemption and impact areas and determining the angle is very different.This instrument panel assembly of modal analysis related to occupant comfort, head of the instrument panel assembly of collisions related to occupant safety, the improvement of vehicle technology has made great contribution. 

Key words: instrument panel, mode, size optimization, head-on collision, the effective head-on collision region

 

Hybrid SUV assembly parameter matching and optimization

Hybrid vehicle is in electric vehicle development process and with the emergence of a pure electric vehicles and the advantages of traditional internal combustion engine car new car, which give full play to the characteristics of each engine and electric motor to achieve a rational distribution of drive energy and improve the mix power efficiency of the system. Currently, hybrid technology is mainly used in cars and buses and other models. In this paper, hybrid SUV for the study of hybrid system simulation model and system optimization, parameter matching a preliminary study, the following major elements: (1) First, the current hybrid vehicles on the background and significance of the development of general, detailed at home and abroad discussed the development of hybrid SUV, and points out the importance of hybrid SUV and the necessity of detailed analysis of the final hybrid cars parameter matching and optimization of the current situation and propose a reasonable algorithm using hybrid power system parameters on the joint optimization is a topic worthy of further study. (2) to MATLAB as a work platform, based on the ADVISOR vehicle simulation software to establish a hybrid SUV's engine, electric motor and battery and other models. For parallel hybrid electric vehicle simulation model for secondary development, a detailed analysis and built four-wheel drive hybrid vehicle simulation model for this hybrid SUV on the Simulation and Analysis. (3) reference to domestic and international hybrid SUV system structure and the dynamic index, combining the basic theory of vehicle dynamics in hybrid SUV to the engine, electric motor and battery power components such as the selection and design parameters of the conclusion that the vehicle Power lines and transmission system parameters, and based on previously established model hybrid SUV was the vehicle of power, fuel economy and exhaust emissions of the simulation. (4) the hybrid power system optimization problems defined as a nonlinear multi-objective constrained optimization problem to vehicle power requirements for the optimization constraints, the engine maximum power, maximum motor power, battery, and the number of key vehicle control strategy parameters as the optimization variables to the vehicle's fuel economy, emissions and vehicle manufacturing cost of the optimization objective, a multi-objective optimization model, the use of goal achievement methods to convert into a single objective optimization problem, and using particle swarm optimization solve the problem, finally get a parallel hybrid SUV and the power control strategy component parameters of the key parameters of the optimal solution. Finally, with the ADVISOR software optimization methods used in the simulation results were compared, the results show that the PSO algorithm can more effectively search for hybrid electric vehicle system parameters of the pareto optimal solution, which greatly improved the overall performance of the vehicle. 

 

Key words: Hybrid SUV, parameter matching, particle swarm optimization, multi-objective optimization

Active Suspension Based on off-road vehicle dynamics simulation

Ground vehicles in the complex will be the role of force and torque, suspension system can effectively alleviate the impact of road surface roughness on the body load. Bad driving off-road vehicle traffic complex, suspension displacement of large, nonlinear damping characteristics and time variability significantly, while the passive suspension system parameters can not be adjusted in real time, it is necessary to develop off-road vehicle active suspension technology. ADAMS analysis software, provides a large displacement, nonlinear analysis to solve function, the CAR specialized modules, the physical model of the vehicle can translate into a mathematical model of multi-body dynamics to get more accurate quantitative analysis. MATLAB-SIMULINK module can effectively achieve a variety of modern control methods. Taking a light off-road vehicle for the study, first of all to ADAMS / CAR as a platform to build a vehicle dynamics model. Off-road vehicle based on the key hard points, quality parameters, to modify the template and components to build a roll bar model, wheel model, body model, brake models; in the analysis of CAR's powertrain based on the template, add the communication device and the movement vice, the establishment of a support-wheel-drive powertrain model; modified double wishbone independent suspension template parameter for the active suspension, by ADAMS / Control to establish the input variable, add the transfer based on the input variables Actuator, completed the first , after the double-wishbone independent suspension (active, passive) model. Second, by analyzing the independent suspension kinematics and elastic kinematics evaluation of the former double wishbone independent suspension model is beating around the wheel parallel to the test simulation, plus a load input test simulation, the vertical force of the roll input test simulation, analysis test camber, toe angle, kingpin inclination, caster angle, suspension stiffness and the variation of the impact of handling and stability.Finally, the establishment of the Active Suspension System with ADAMS / CAR vehicle model, through the MATLAB / Simul ink to achieve joint control, compared with active double wishbone suspension with passive vehicle and the entire double-wishbone suspension car road driving conditions in the random manipulation of stability and ride comfort. Based on the analysis of various control methods, decentralized control theory proposed by the first vehicle with a vertical, roll, pitch control objective decoupling control for the four interrelated objectives, through the decoupling matrix to retain the advantages of linear control, and then with PID control, fuzzy control and neural fuzzy PID control of joint simulation. Joint Simulation results show that: PID Control of Active Suspension performance is better than passive suspension, body vertical acceleration and pitch angular acceleration decreases; fuzzy PID control, fast response, robustness is better than PID control; neuro-fuzzy control, through the training data learning, inheritance, control of the first two advantages of optimal control performance. 

 

Key words: off-road vehicles, active suspension, combined simulation, intelligent control

Based on the car hand brake arm assembly parts residual deformation and failure analysis

This article describes the subject's background and hand brake arm assembly design requirements, describes the hand brake arm assembly and nonlinear failure studying the current situation, and the application of non-linear software. Also introduced the hand brake arm assembly of the working principle and structure characteristics of the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of them. Design, taking into account relevant under the premise of the overall proposed research and analysis program to the hand brake arm assembly-based components as the research object for the study of nonlinear theory based on the failure of rival parts of the brake arm analysis studied, and the method of modal analysis to compare validation, such research is currently in the country is still rare. In related research on the nonlinear theory, this paper describes the nonlinear finite element method the basic theory and basic to discuss the basic numerical method related to these solution were compared. Detailed analysis and nonlinear analysis in highly explicit algorithm for the implicit method has the advantage.Research and analysis process as a whole provided a good theoretical foundation and protection. Hand brake arm assembly of the structure is complicated, so the modeling process needs to consider various issues, in order to ensure the calculation of the overall size of the computation time and accuracy on the coordination. In this paper, the type of model, element selection and mesh, the connection between relations and exposure settings, the selection of material model parameters and the failure to determine such issues as ensuring the accuracy of the premise, good control of the calculation of the size and computation time, for the future provide a basis for further research and protection. Data provided by the enterprise, and according to the actual situation in hand brake arm assembly was established based on the hand brake arm parts failure analysis model, and related design rules, the typical profile of four simulation analysis has been related stress and strain after the failed units, as well as the overall structure of the residual deformation. According to simulation results, which can improve the program, improve program can effectively improve the product quality.Finally, hand-brake arm assembly for modal analysis and modal analysis results were compared with the results of failure analysis studies, from the side of the hand brake arm assembly structure study merits. The failure to establish the nonlinear model and the simulation results of product design companies provide guidance and improve the enterprise's product design capabilities. This study for the hand brake arm assembly design and development provides important data to guide and enhance the employees and software products using the theoretical capacity, thereby increasing the product quality and business efficiency. And on the nonlinear design of related products provides an important reference, has a good theoretical and practical significance.

 

Keywords: hand brake arm failure nonlinear finite element explicit algorithm